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Carr, R I (1987) Competitive Bidding and Opportunity Costs. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 151–65.

Carr, R I (1987) Optimum Markup by Direct Solution. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 138–50.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Bids; Models;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1987)113:1(138)
  • Abstract:
    A direct solution technique determines optimum markup for competitive construction bids using either lowest opposing bid models or average opposing bid models. A graphical representation helps explain the technique. Lowest competing bids can be standardized, and a table shows standardized optimum markup to fit any normally distributed lowest opposing bids. The paper explains: (1) the effects of differing numbers of competitors on the lowest opposing bids; and (2) the relationship between average and lowest opposing bids for differing numbers of competitors. The direct method provides the same answers as an accurate trial‐and‐error method, but it is quicker, once the variables of a normal distribution are calculated. Its quickness leads to easy comparisons for numbers of competitors.

Easa, S M (1987) Earthwork Allocations with Nonconstant Unit Costs. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 34–50.

Harris, R A, Bowlby, W and Cohn, L F (1987) Method for Analyzing Construction Haul Noise Impacts. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 6–16.

Hilf, J W (1987) Rolled Concrete Dams Using Gap‐Graded Aggregate. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 27–33.

Hinze, J (1987) Qualities of Safe Superintendents. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 169–71.

King, R (1987) Designing Plans for Constructibility. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 1–5.

Oberlender, G D and Hughes, R K (1987) Graduate Construction Programs in the United States. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 17–26.

Stukharf, G (1987) Construction Management Responsibilities During Design. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 90–98.

Vorster, M C and Sears, G A (1987) Model for Retiring, Replacing, or Reassigning construction equipment. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 125–37.

Wharry, M B and Ashley, D B (1987) Countertrade Financing: Historical Example. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 117–24.

Willenbrock, J H, Thomas, H R and Francis, P J (1987) Factors Affecting Outage Construction Efficiency. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 113(01), 99–116.